The two railroads built a joint Union Station on the east side of High Street just north of Naughten (then called North Public Lane). In 1850 the Columbus and Xenia Railroad became the first railroad to enter the city, followed by the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad in 1851. Columbus' German population is responsible for constructing numerous breweries, the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Capital University, and for instituting the first kindergarten in the United States. A significant Irish population settled in the north along Naghten Street (presently Nationwide Boulevard), while the Germans took advantage of the cheap land to the south, creating a community that came to be known as Die Alte Sud Ende (The Old South End). A wave of immigrants from Europe resulted in the establishment of two ethnic enclaves on the outskirts of the city. The National Road reached Columbus from Baltimore in 1831, which complemented the city's new link to the Ohio and Erie Canal and facilitated a population boom. Named in honour of Christopher Columbus, the capital city was founded in February, 1812, on the "High Banks opposite Franklinton at the Forks of the Scioto known as Wolf's Ridge." Several of Ohio's small towns and villages petitioned the legislature for the honour of becoming the state capital, but ultimately a coalition of land speculators, with Sullivant's support, made the most attractive offer to the Ohio General Assembly. The state legislature eventually decided that a new capital city, located in the center of the state, was a necessary compromise. An admirer of Benjamin Franklin, Sullivant chose to name his new frontier village "Franklinton."Īfter achieving statehood in 1803, political infighting among Ohio's more prominent leaders resulted in the state capital moving from Chillicothe to Zanesville and back again. By 1797, a young surveyor from Virginia named Lucas Sullivant had founded a permanent settlement on the west bank of the forks of the Scioto River. A decisive battle at Fallen Timbers resulted in the Treaty of Greenville, which finally opened the way for new settlements. These tribes resisted expansion by the fledgling United States, resulting in years of bitter conflict. Rather than an empty frontier, however, they encountered people of the Miami, Delaware, Wyandot, Shawnee, and Mingo nations. Those ancient civilizations had long since faded into history when European explorers began moving into the region south of Lake Erie. Mound Street, located in downtown Columbus, was so named because of its proximity to a large Native American burial mound. Located near the geographic centre of the state, Columbus is the county seat of Franklin County, though parts of the city also extend into Delaware and Fairfield counties.Įvidence of ancient mound-building societies abounds in the region near the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers. With regard to the Combined Statistical Area (which includes Chillicothe and Marion), Columbus ranks 24th in the country with approximately 1.84 million residents. The greater Columbus metropolitan area has a population of 1,708,625 as of 2005, ranking it third in Ohio (behind Cleveland and Cincinnati) and 31st in the United States. The population increased to an estimated 730,657 in 2005. The city was founded in 1812 at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy rivers, and assumed the functions of state capital in 1816.Īccording to the 2000 census, Columbus has a population of 711,470 residents, making it the largest city in Ohio and the 15th largest in the United States.
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